-light-dependent reaction/photolysis
light plays an important role in electrolysis
(using electric current to split a molecule - in this case, water molecules)
three primary colours of light - RBG
plants absorb red and blue light, reflecting only green
-different colour pigments in plants
e.g. carotene, xanthophyll
different plants absorb different colours of light
*label cross section of a leaf/chloroplast
-chloroplasts have double-membranes and interconnected stacks
-contain DNA
-could have been single celled blue-green algae
-phloem contain plant sap and are closer to the bark than the xylem is.
-aphids just need to have a sharp mouth to pierce the bark and due to the pressure, the sap will gush out
-ants will eat the aphids' excretion (the excess sap), contained with sugar
cells of the palisade layer are very compact at the upper part of the leaf to maximise photosynthesis
the longer axis of the palisade mesophyll is arranged perpendicular to the upper epidermis
every palisade mesophyll cell contains chloroplasts
structure -> function
stomata are used to take in air
the plant takes in carbon dioxide
water will evaporate out through the stomata
putting stomata on the underside of the leaf ensures that not too much water gets evaporated
water - stable polar molecule
sunlight removes electron
-light independent reaction/carbon fixation
calvin cycle
takes place in stroma, chemical reaction
13/05/10
ATP -> ADP -> AMP
Structure
Function
spongy mesophyll are irregular cells with large intercellular space
so that air can enter easily
lower epidermis has more stoma with guard cells than upper epidermis
to cut down water loss through transpiration
stoma regulated by guard cells
to allow gaseous exchange
leaf is thin and flat, with large surface area
large surface area to volume ratio for absorption of sunlight/so that air from lower epidermis can also transport up
has main stalk/vein
exposes large surface area to maximum amount of sunlight, so that leaf does not flop
presence of xylem
so that water can be transported
presence of phloem
so that photosynthesised nutrients can be drawn away, thus not increasing the osmotic concentration too much
cells of the palisade layer are very compact and longer axis of the palisade mesophyll cells are arranged perpendicular to the upper epidermis, every cell contains chloroplasts
to maximise the exposure of chloroplasts to sunlight so that more photosynthesis can take place
after obtaining glucose, plants convert them to starch for storage to ensure that he glucose does not increase the osmotic concentration too much
starch is better as storage substance:
-inert
-insoluble
the process of putting a plant in a dark room is called de-starching
leaf experiment
-boil water in hot water to kill enzymes and stop reaction
-put in ethanol to dissolve the fats in the plasma membranes of the plant so as to decolourise it
temperature affects the rate of reaction of photosynthesis due to enzymes which require a specific temperature
-light-dependent reaction/photolysis
light plays an important role in electrolysis
(using electric current to split a molecule - in this case, water molecules)
three primary colours of light - RBG
plants absorb red and blue light, reflecting only green
-different colour pigments in plants
e.g. carotene, xanthophyll
different plants absorb different colours of light
*label cross section of a leaf/chloroplast
-chloroplasts have double-membranes and interconnected stacks
-contain DNA
-could have been single celled blue-green algae
-phloem contain plant sap and are closer to the bark than the xylem is.
-aphids just need to have a sharp mouth to pierce the bark and due to the pressure, the sap will gush out
-ants will eat the aphids' excretion (the excess sap), contained with sugar
cells of the palisade layer are very compact at the upper part of the leaf to maximise photosynthesis
the longer axis of the palisade mesophyll is arranged perpendicular to the upper epidermis
every palisade mesophyll cell contains chloroplasts
structure -> function
stomata are used to take in air
the plant takes in carbon dioxide
water will evaporate out through the stomata
putting stomata on the underside of the leaf ensures that not too much water gets evaporated
water - stable polar molecule
sunlight removes electron
-light independent reaction/carbon fixation
calvin cycle
takes place in stroma, chemical reaction
13/05/10
ATP -> ADP -> AMP
after obtaining glucose, plants convert them to starch for storage to ensure that he glucose does not increase the osmotic concentration too much
starch is better as storage substance:
-inert
-insoluble
the process of putting a plant in a dark room is called de-starching
leaf experiment
-boil water in hot water to kill enzymes and stop reaction
-put in ethanol to dissolve the fats in the plasma membranes of the plant so as to decolourise it
temperature affects the rate of reaction of photosynthesis due to enzymes which require a specific temperature